Nosso último encontro virtual de estudos, no dia 06/04/23, deu-se em cima do artigo “Refutação de um artigo de L ‘Univers”, da Revista Espírita de maio de 1859.

Kardec's article begins with a full citation of a publication by Abbot Chesnel in the aforementioned newspaper, a publication that is, by the way, somewhat complex to understand and, in fact, quite confused in its ideas. Despite citing several current ideas at that time, such as Spiritualism, Magnetism and Spiritism (although he confuses Spiritism with Rational Spiritualism), it is very easy to notice the confusion of concepts made by the Abbot, who, as a central point, defends the idea that Spiritism (Spiritualism) would be a new religion, presenting dangers and a threat to the Catholic religion.

The text, although written with some depth, is notably frivolous, in the sense of making several statements about Spiritism (which, I reiterate, he calls Spiritualism), without having read even The Spirits’ Book – which is certain, because, right at the beginning of the work, Kardec makes a clear distinction between Spiritism and [Rational] Spiritualism. But that is not the main point of this discussion.

What we noticed in our study, and about what we had already talked about other times, is the distance between the modern Spiritist Movement and Spiritism "of Kardec" - with great care when using this term, because Spiritism was never of Kardec, neither created nor imagined by him. Now, it is not possible to deny that the Spiritist Movement made Spiritism a religion, a definition that many defend fiercely, while Kardec makes, with all letters, an arduous rational defense to the contrary, demonstrating that Spiritism had no aspect of a religion, but that of a science. We already talked about this in the article “Spiritism is religion?”, “Science and Spiritism: matters in opposite dimensions?“, “The distance between Spiritism and the Spiritist Movement” and on other occasions, but we decided to return to the subject due to the new opportunity provided and the emphatic persistence of Kardec – which continues in the RE of July, with a reply to the Abbot’s response.

The more we study the Spiritist Magazine, the more we notice this enormous distance mentioned. We invite the reader to ask: why? Is "our" Spiritism, based on information from Spirits not verified in a scientific and controlled manner, "more correct" than the Spiritism studied so seriously, in a methodical and controlled manner, by Kardec and other members of the Parisian Society of Studies Spiritualists? Note the following:

Its true character is, therefore, that of a science and not of a religion, and the proof is that it counts as adherents men of all beliefs, who have not, for that reason, renounced their convictions: fervent Catholics, who practice all the duties of his cult; Protestants of all sects; Israelites, Muslims and even Buddhists and Brahmanists.

Kardec, Spiritist Magazine, May 1859

Let's look coldly at the Spiritist Movement and try to find people from other religions inserted in it: they practically don't exist. They are very rare and, almost always, they are people who say they have “no defined religion”. Is this normal, compared to what Kardec demonstrated? Another question: if a Census agent asks you what your religion is and you are a follower of Spiritism, what will you answer?

All these questions are not intended to attack the personal belief of each one (because, in fact, Spiritism is not made of beliefs, but of scientific investigation), but to raise a serious aspect that, perhaps, many do not notice : defining Spiritism as a religion has become the reason for the downfall of the Spiritist Movement, which is increasingly emptied. Read the article quoted right at the beginning – you can find it on here – at least from Kardec’s answer and try to analyze, for yourself, how much the definition of “religion” makes Spiritism lose in reach and help in the development of terrestrial humanity. See the Abbot's position, compatible with the modern position of most of his opponents: instead of understanding in this science support for your beliefs; instead of having it as an aid to their uncertainties, they have an enemy in it, as if the fact of filling the pews of a spiritist center means emptying the pews of a church. Sadly, very unfortunately, this has come to be true.

We are extremely happy to have, among our most active students, at least one person who identifies himself as a practicing Catholic, who goes to Mass, who takes Communion, who practices, in short, his religion, but who studies deeply and who, many times, understands better than us the moral, philosophical and scientific precepts of Spiritism, understanding its scientific character with clear distinction. Spiritism is the science of what we are and what creation is; religion is the choice of human, material practices, with a spiritualist meaning.

Finally, think about the following: while Kardec recommended the practice of spiritist studies at home, which was really common at that time, ask yourself: is there, today, Spiritism outside the centers? What is said about mediumistic practice outside the spiritist center?

Finally, the invitation is reiterated: study the Spiritist Magazine. Many well-known mediums did not have access to it. Today, we have it, and in a very, very easy and practical way. Leaving it aside to study mediumistic novels, without contestation or investigation, is attachment, and brings demerit, difficulties and errors to Spiritism, which, today, in the Spiritist Movement, has nothing.

Once again, and always with joy, we invite you, dear friend, to participate with us in our Spiritist Magazine study group, live, online. In this group, we are not teaching, but learning. If you are interested in the Spiritist Doctrine, come and study with us!

we gathered every thursday, at 7:30 pm (entering at 19:20), and the study lasts about 1:15h to 1:30h.

You will need:

– Camera and microphone, and a quieter corner to study

– Around 01:15h free

– detachment own opinion and interest in to help, cooperate and learn.

Interest? Then just call on WhatsApp: 15 998 628 392

Ao fazermos o estudo do livro O Céu e o Inferno (( https://mundomaior.com.br/produtos/ceu-inferno-allan-kardec-feal/#:~:text=O%20C%C3%A9u%20e%20o%20Inferno%20%C3%A9%20uma%20das%20cinco%20obras,a%20respeito%20de%20seu%20destino. )), nos chamou a atenção a Nota do Editor 149 ((

With the spiritist autonomous moral theory, prejudices, privileges, pride, selfishness, fanaticism, incredulity, typical of the old world, no longer have any meaning. Competition, which highlights the most capable, proves to be unfair, and should be replaced by cooperation that integrates all of them in solidarity. The resources of education must be invested more widely among the simpler souls, so that they participate actively in society. On this path, humanity will find happiness: “Man is in solidarity with man. It is in vain that he seeks the complement of his being, that is, happiness in himself or in what surrounds him in isolation: he can only find it in MAN or in Humanity. You therefore do nothing to be personally happy, while the unhappiness of a member of humanity, of a part of yourselves, may afflict you.”

Allan Kardec. Heaven and Hell, NE 149 (p. 368). Kindle Edition.

This note he refers to an article that is in the Spiritist Magazine of March 1867. It is one of the Spiritist Dissertations of this edition.

He is particularly interesting for emphatically showing the importance of solidarity in our humanity. In addition, there is a good reflection on the paths that lead to happiness.

We fully share with you:

SOLIDARITY

(Paris, November 26, 1866 – Medium: Mr. Sabb…)

Glory to God and peace to men of good will!
The study of Spiritism must not be in vain. For certain
frivolous men, it's a diversion; for serious men it should be
for real.

First of all, I thought about one thing. you are not on earth
to live there in the manner of animals, to vegetate in the manner of
grasses or trees. The grasses and trees have life
organic, but they do not have intelligent life, as animals do not have
the moral life. Everything lives, everything breathes in Nature, but only the
man feels and feels.

How pitiful and foolish are those who
despise to the point of comparing themselves to a blade of grass or a
elephant! Let us not confuse the genera or the species. They are not
great philosophers and great naturalists who, for example, see in
Spiritism a new edition of metempsychosis and, above all, of
an absurd metempsychosis. Metempsychosis is nothing else

but the dream of a man of imagination. One animal, one
plant produces its congener, nothing more, nothing less. What is this
be said to prevent old false ideas from being again
believed, in the shadow of Spiritism.

Man, be man; I know where you come from and to
where do you go You are the beloved son of Him who made everything and gave you a
end, a destiny that you must fulfill without knowing it at all.
You were necessary to his designs, to his glory, to his own
happiness? Useless questions, because insoluble. You are; thirst
recognized for this; but being is not everything; it must be according to
laws of the Creator, which are your own laws. released on
existence, you are both cause and effect. at least how much
at present, you cannot determine your role, nor how
cause or effect, but you can follow your laws. Well, the
The main one is this: Man is not an isolated being, he is a collective being.
Man is in solidarity with man. It is in vain that you seek the
complement of his being, that is, happiness in himself or in what
surrounds him in isolation; cannot find it except in man or in
Humanity. So you do nothing to be personally happy, as much
as to the unhappiness of a member of Humanity, on a part
of yourself, may afflict you.

But, you will say, it is morality that you teach. Now, morality is a
old commonplace. Look around you: what else is there?
ordinary, more common than the periodic succession of day and
night, what need to feed and clothe yourself? IT IS
to this that all your cares, all your
efforts. And it is necessary, as the material part of the
your being But your nature is not double, and you are no longer spirit
than body? How, then, is it more difficult for you to hear remembering the laws
moral than physical laws, which you apply at all times? if you were
less preoccupied and less distracted this repetition would not be as
necessary.

Let us not stray from our subject. Well
understood, Spiritism is, for the life of the soul, what
Material work is for the life of the body. Take care of him with this
objective and rest assured that when you have done, for your
moral improvement, half of what you do to improve your
material existence, you will have made Humanity take a great step forward.

a spirit

Is it possible for someone to be in two places at the same time? Of course yes! This phenomenon is called BICORPORITY. This is what this article from the Spiritist Magazine of December 1858 is about.

It is the story of a young man who goes to bed, without leaving home, goes to London where he meets his friends, drinks coffee, plays and then returns home, without remembering anything.

Briefly, this happened:

A correspondent from the interior of France sent a letter saying that, after “by order of the Spirits”, he magnetized his son, he became a very rare medium.

One case, in particular, caught his attention: his son, after reading in a book of Baron Du Potet about the adventure of a doctor from America, whose Spirit went to visit a friend from a great distance, told his guide that he would like to do the same. His guide then told him: Tomorrow is Sunday. You are not required to get up early to work. You'll sleep at eight o'clock and walk around London until eight-thirty. Next Friday you will receive a letter from your friends, reproaching you for having spent so little time with them.

Said the father: Indeed, the next day, in the morning, at the appointed time, he fell into a deep sleep. I woke him up at eight-thirty. He didn't remember anything. For my part, I said nothing to him, waiting for events.

And as promised, a letter arrived in the mail: “the postman came to deliver a letter from London, in which my son's friends reproached him for having spent only a few minutes with them, the previous Sunday, from eight to eight-thirty, with a lot of details that it would be long here to relate, including the singular fact of having breakfast with them”

Having told the above fact, one of the assistants said that History narrates several similar cases. He cited Saint Alphonsus of Liguori, who was canonized before the required time, for having shown himself simultaneously in two different places, which was considered a miracle.

In the first, with a religious aspect, Alfonso left the convent of Ciorani for Pagani and at the same time was seen attending confessions in the Redemptorist church of Ciorani.

On the second occasion of a religious nature, the Saint preached popular missions in Amalfi, Italy. It was in 1756. During the mission, he was seen simultaneously preaching in Amalfi Cathedral and answering confessions in the house where the missionaries were housed.

Antonio Benedetto Maria Tannoia (II, c. 44), his biographer, comments: “An angel, wanting to continue his zeal in welcoming sinners, wanted to replace him in the pulpit”.

On the third occasion, this one of a social nature, the saint was in Naples and at the same time in Pagani, where every Saturday he used to help a former prostitute he had managed to convert. This happened in 1759.
The last occasion is of a political-religious nature. On September 22, 1774, Afonso was in Arienzo, a village in his diocese of Santa Ágata dei Goti, where he would go on those days when it was very cold. At the same time he was seen in Rome, beside the deathbed of Pope Clement XIV, watching him. (This case has been documented by the Catholic Church).

Note: The Church says that “bilocation” is an extraordinary manifestation of the power of God, consisting of the bodily presence of a person, at the same time, in two or more places. Physically, bilocation is impossible for material beings, by the very nature of things.

There are also some reports of bicorpority of Saint Anthony of Padua. His most famous was on the occasion of his father's accusation of murder: Once, while preaching in Padua, the saint felt a strong intuition that his presence was necessary in Lisbon at that very moment. He sat down beside the pulpit and, as he had done once before, covered his head with the capeio, the hood of the Franciscans. He then appeared at the Lisbon Court, where he made a strong defense of his father. To prove his father's innocence, he went with the authorities to the cemetery. To the astonishment of those present, he resuscitated the victim, who acquitted the accused of any responsibility for his death. He then allowed the murdered man to return to his rest. Soon after, far beyond, he regained consciousness and resumed his preaching.

The first time this happened was in Limoges, southern France, in the year 1226. On Holy Thursday, the friar preached in the Church of St. Peter. At the same moment, a few kilometers away, his Franciscan brothers were already singing matins in the convent. As Custos, he was responsible for reading a lesson in the trade to his brothers.

At the very moment when he was supposed to be present at the convent, the friar interrupted his sermon and leaned back in the pulpit, covering his face with his hood. To the surprise of the Friars Minor, the voice of the Portuguese friar rang out among the Franciscans' choir. He sang the lesson and fulfilled his task together with his brothers, to then disappear and wake up from his apparent nap in the Church of São Pedro.

Thus, to begin to clarify the phenomenon, Kardec evoked the aforementioned Saint Alfonso de Liguori. The following questions were asked:

1. ─ Is the fact for which you were canonized real? ─ Yes.

2. ─ Is this phenomenon exceptional?─ No. It can present itself in all dematerialized individuals.

3. ─ Was it just reason to canonize you? ─ Yes, because by my virtue I had raised myself to God. Without it I would not have been able to transport myself to two different places at the same time.

4. ─ Do all the individuals with whom these phenomena occur deserve to be canonized? ─ No, because not everyone is equally virtuous.

Comment: Liguori died in 1787 – quite recent, in terms of spiritist life. At the time of its evocation, it presents thoughts still quite imbued with Catholic ideas. We have just seen, and in OLM Kardec gives other examples, that bi-corporeity does not seem to depend that much on such high virtuosity. It is necessary to be sure if it was really this phenomenon, or if it was just the case of another person, a seer, seeing the Spirit semi-disconnected from the sleeping body.

5. ─ Could you give us an explanation of this phenomenon? ─ Yup. When man, by his virtue, is completely dematerialized; when he has raised his soul to God, he can appear simultaneously in two places, as follows: Feeling sleep, the incarnate Spirit can ask God to transport himself to any place. His Spirit or his soul, whatever you want to call it, then leaves his body, followed by a part of his perispirit and leaves the filthy matter in a state close to death. I say close to death because there is a bond in the body that connects the perispirit and the soul to matter, and this bond cannot be defined. The body then appears in the desired place. I believe that's all you want to know.

Comment: once again, a large number of concepts that have, in the background, Catholic ideas as a determining influence: “To ask God”, “Filthy matter”, “Neighbor to death”. At the same time, it characterizes the veracity of the communication.

Observation: The answer to question 5 characterizes a certain ambiguity in the communication in relation to the answer to question 2, because if bi-corporation can manifest itself in all materialized individuals, not only the virtuous can do it.

6. ─ This does not explain the visibility and tangibility of the perispirit. – Finding itself detached from matter, according to its degree of elevation, the Spirit can make matter tangible.

7. – However, certain tangible apparitions of hands and other parts of the body are evidently due to inferior spirits. - They are superior spirits who make use of inferior ones in order to prove the fact.

Observation: If it is true that superior spirits use inferiors in order to prove the fact, it would explain why inferior spirits cannot materialize in monstrous forms, to frighten the people. would explain the “God would not allow”! more explanations click here on this article

8. Is the sleep of the body essential for the Spirit to appear in other places? – The soul can be divided when it feels transported to a place different from that where its body is.

9. What would happen to a man sunk in a deep sleep, and whose Spirit appeared elsewhere, if he were suddenly awakened? – This would not happen, because if someone had the intention of awakening him, the Spirit would foresee the intention and return to the body, considering that the Spirit reads the mind.

Division is an inaccurate term. Better to say that the soul, that is, the perispirit, can extend to other places, when one has this capacity.

The perispirit, being extended, never leaves the body, except for its death. It is possible to understand that, therefore, the Spirit, being distant, perceives what happens around the body.

After this communication was given to us, several facts of the same kind, whose source is authentic, were told to us, and among them there are very recent, which occurred, so to speak, in our midst, and which presented themselves with the most singular circumstances. The explanations to which they gave rise have singularly widened the field of psychological observations.

In the RE of August 1859 we read the following:

Communications – Mr. Allan Kardec announces that he saw Mr. W… son, from Boulogne-Sur-Mer, who was an issue in the December 1858 magazine, regarding an article on the phenomenon of bicorporeality, and which confirmed the fact of his simultaneous presence in Boulogne and London.

Spiritism, in its turn, comes to give its theory. It relies on experimental psychology; he studies the soul, not only during life, but after death; he watches her in a state of isolation; he sees it acting in freedom, whereas ordinary philosophy sees it only in union with the body, subject to the constraints of matter, for which reason it often confuses cause and effect.

AK, in RE May 1864

In this article, which presents the evocation of the Spirit of Mehemet Ali (Muhammad Ali), Kardec explores a questioning about the incarnation of this Spirit as an Egyptian priest, at the time of the pharaohs.

In the April 1858 edition, Kardec evoked this Spirit. At the time, he revealed that he was a priest at the time of ancient Egypt. More details Click here

It is important to remember that in the first communication, in April, this Spirit proved not to be elevated. He wasn't mean, but he was still on the "imperfection wheel." Therefore, in his speech, he presents some impatience and lack of benevolence.

Vamos, aqui, destacar algumas partes da longa conversa – evocação que entendemos como principais:

1. ─ In the name of Almighty God, I ask the Spirit of Mehemet-Ali to come and communicate with us. ─ Yes; I know the reason.

2. ─ You promised to come to us in order to instruct us. Would you be kind enough to hear us and answer us? ─ I don't promise, because I didn't make that commitment.

Curious how the characteristics of the evoked Spirit appear clearly as the communication develops. Here it clearly shows to be a non-superior Spirit.(Click here for more features)

Superior spirits are always good and benevolent; in his speech we never find acrimony, arrogance, harshness, pride, bravado, or stolid conceit. They speak simply, advise and withdraw when they are not heard.

Kardec, Allan. Spiritist Magazine: October: 1858

3. ─ Let us replace what you promised by making us wait. ─ You mean: to satisfy your curiosity. It doesn't matter! I'll lend a little.

Comment: Kardec continues to ask the questions he thought necessary to assess the state of knowledge and intentions of that Spirit, confronting science with its answers. Most likely testing the Spirit

4. ─ Considering that you lived in the time of the pharaohs, could you tell us for what purpose the pyramids were built?  ─ They are tombs; tombs and temples. There were large demonstrations.

5. ─ Did they also have a scientific objective? ─ No. Religious interest absorbed everything.

12. From the dual point of view of God and the soul, did the priests have healthier ideas than the people? ─ Yes. They had the light in their hands and while they hid it from others, they still saw it.

Comment: Here it becomes clear how religions are used to control the people, subjugating them, completely without individual autonomy. It is clear that the priests knew and taught the initiates, but did not instruct the population. To this day it is so.

14. ─ What is the origin of the worship given to animals? ─ They wanted to turn man away from God and lower him under himself, giving him inferior beings as gods.

15. – To a certain extent, the cult of useful animals can be understood; but that of unclean and harmful animals, such as serpents, crocodiles, etc., is not understood. ─ Man loves what he fears. It was a yoke for the people. The priests could not believe in gods made by their hands!

Comment: The priests knew the teachings and kept them for a small circle of initiates. They did not instruct the people in order to subjugate them. This shows how religions are not autonomous.

18. How to reconcile the Egyptians' respect for the dead with their contempt and horror for those who buried and mummified them?  ─ The corpse was an instrument of manifestations. As they thought, the Spirit returned to the body it had animated. As one of the instruments of the cult, the corpse was sacred and contempt persecuted anyone who dared to violate the sanctity of death.

Comment: Interesting: the individual, taught this way, died believing it. Therefore, although he found his body preserved, he continued there, manifesting himself. It could be, in this way, an obstacle to their progress, which leads to the conclusion that it would be better to die as part of the people. In the same way that, even today, there are those who stay by the coffin, not wanting to leave it, because they believe in this same modernized dogma (we cannot forget that Christianity brought many of these Egyptian dogmas mentioned here to their beliefs).

19. ─ Did the conservation of the body allow for a greater number of manifestations? ─ Longer, that is, the Spirit returned for longer, as long as the instrument was docile.

23. Did the teaching given in the Mysteries have the sole purpose of revealing extra-human things, or were the precepts of morality and love of neighbor also taught? ─ All this was very corrupted. The purpose of the priests was to dominate, not to instruct.

Comment: To this day they embalm the body! It's a very big attachment to matter!

This is one of the stories from the 1858 Revista Espírita, where Kardec studies the case of a 12-year-old boy who murders 5 other children. Briefly: a 12-year-old boy put five children in a trunk, locked the trunk, and left them there until they died. Having been seen by another girl, the 12-year-old boy was reported and then confessed everything, in the most cold-blooded manner and without expressing regret.

Here, too, a reflection on a crime such as these is in order. Could it be that, as many say, these five children were killed to fulfill the “redemption of past debts”? If so, what would be the degree of responsibility of the other? We deal with this matter in this other article, click here

Another question: is the spirit of the murderer boy necessarily evil? In The Spirits' Book, Kardec clarifies:

“In fact, consider that in your homes children are possibly born whose spirits come from worlds where they have contracted habits different from yours, and tell me how these beings could be in your midst, bringing passions different from those you nurture, inclinations, tastes, entirely opposites. to yours; how could they rank among you, but as God ordained, that is, passing through the tamis of childhood?”

OLE, question 385

Continuing in the article, Kardec interrogates the spirit of a medium's sister, “who passed away twelve years ago and always showed superiority as a spirit”. Let's present the main points of these questions and their answers:

2. ─ What motives would have impelled a boy of that age to commit such an atrocious action and with such cold-bloodedness? ─ Evil has no age. It is natural in a child and reasoned in an adult man.

Observation: “The child is not good or bad until he has the discernment of one or the other. It is what is called the state of innocence, which is somehow the sleep of consciousness.” Paul Janet, Little Elements of Morals. Already in the adult, or man who makes the distinctions of his moral conscience, who uses reason, he choose to do or not do an action, which results in a good or bad deed. Even so, if he acts in “evil”, it is only because he is not aware of the good, he has not progressed enough to understand.

3. ─ Doesn't its existence in a child, without reasoning, denote the incarnation of a much inferior Spirit? - It comes directly from the perversity of the heart: it is his own Spirit that dominates him and drives him to perversity.

5. ─ In his previous existence, would he have belonged to Earth or to an even lower world? ─ I'm not sure, but it must belong to a world much more backward than Earth. He dared (?) come to Earth. You will be doubly punished.

Comment: When the evoked Spirit explains about double punishment, we understand that he means that this Spirit has acquired some consciousness and he chose come to Earth. Here, being born, he preferred to experience his passions and imperfections, instead of trying to overcome them. Most likely, you still don't understand divine laws, such as the law of progress.

6. - At that age, would the boy enough aware of the crime he committed? Will you be responsible as a Spirit? ─ He was the age of conscience. This is enough.

7. ─ Once this Spirit dared come to Earth, for him very high, can he be constrained to return to a world in relation to his nature? ─ Your punishment is precisely retrograde; it is hell itself. This is the punishment of Lucifer, of the spiritual man who has lowered himself to the level of matter; it is the veil that henceforth hides from him the gifts of God and his divine protection. Make an effort, then, to win back those lost goods and you will have reconquered the paradise that Christ came to open for you. It is the presumption, the pride of the man who wanted to conquer what only God could have (?).

At this point, with answer 7, we have arrived at several understandings:

• To dare means to choose. The principle of autonomy is always present in Kardec.
• The Spirit does not retrograde. Here, it is a material retrogradation, according to the state of development of the Spirit. It is like the student who is forced to repeat the year, because, in fact, he has not learned;
• We understand that while the Spirit experiences negative habits, vices, he is far from understanding the good;
• It may look like the picture of falling into sin, but we can understand it from the point of view of sinking into habits that lead to imperfections.

It is the picture of original sin explained by Spiritism: the Spirit is not created full, pure and wise, but ignorant and simple and, when it lives in matter, it acquires experiences. When he errs, he does not commit a sin, but only errs. The error can be totally unconscious, from which learning is born, or it can be, in a certain way, conscious, that is, by choice, which is when the Spirit developed a habit that gave rise to an imperfection. Hence we have the following: if the Spirit no understands that imperfection causes delay and suffering, he just continues to follow in incarnations, until he acquires knowledge to understand the wrong he has done, and he repents. then pass to atone the fruit of your imperfections, by the free choice of your trials, through the incarnations, in order to deal with this habit, with a view to getting rid of it.

We all go through it, and all of us will reach relative perfection.

The questions follow the evoked Spirit:

8. In what way is the Earth superior to the world to which the Spirit of whom we have just spoken belonged? ─ There is a weak idea of justice there. It's a start of progress.

9. ─ Does it follow that in worlds inferior to Earth there is no idea of justice? ─ No. Men live there only for themselves and their motive is nothing but the satisfaction of their passions and instincts.

10. ─ What will be the position of this Spirit in a new existence? ─ If repentance erases, if not totally, at least in part, the enormity of your faults, then you will remain on Earth; if, on the contrary, he persists in what you call final impenitence, he will go to a place where man is on the level of animals.

Note: Kardec developed this understanding much later, in the work Heaven and Hell: “Repentance is useless when it is only a consequence of suffering. Beneficial repentance is that which is based on the regret of having offended God, and the ardent desire for reparation. I haven't gotten to that point yet, unfortunately. Recommend me to the prayers of all those who dedicate themselves to the suffering, because I need them”. Heaven and Hell, Allan Kardec

"O repentance sincere is an act of the Spirit's free will, predisposing him to free himself from the condition of unhappiness by his effort. Thus, the soul's repentance is not the fear of continuing to suffer, which constrains it, submitting it to an external will (heteronomy). In fact, he represents the awareness of divine laws, which makes him understand his own ability to achieve happiness through improvement (autonomy). This condition makes him recognize the strength of his will and awakens his self-esteem, leading him back to the path of good.”
In other words: if he repents, he can reincarnate here, which is a planet of proofs and atonements. If not, you will have to reincarnate on a planet that gives you the conditions to learn through the reincarnation exercise itself.

note by Paulo Henrique de Figueiredo on Heaven and Hell

11. ─ So can he find on Earth the means to atone for his fault, without being forced to return to a lower world? ─ In the eyes of God, repentance is sacred, because it is man who judges himself, which is rare on your planet.

In this article from November 1858, the second article talks about the Plurality of Existences or Reincarnation. Kardec will make a very informative approach about reincarnation. It is an article of great interest, as it demonstrates the scientist, demystifying the encoder:

“The dogma of reincarnation is not new, say some; they resurrected him from the doctrine of Pythagoras. We never said that the Spiritist Doctrine was a modern invention. constituting a law of nature, Spiritism must have existed since the beginning of time and we have always endeavored to demonstrate that signs of it can be discovered in the most remote antiquity.”

RE, November 1858

Note: It says it was not new as it was in the Bible and was removed by the Second Council of Constantinople.

Spiritism is in everything and touches all areas of science. He, in himself, in his depth, is the science of everything. This effort by Kardec was very important, and it must be the same on our part, as it demystifies Spiritism.

The ancients, including Pythagoras (6th century BC), believed in metempsychosis, while Spiritism demonstrates the impossibility of this theory.

Metempsychosis: It is a fundamentally Eastern belief, mainly Hindu, linked to the dogma of the fall for sin, which has no basis in the reason developed by Spiritism.

It is interesting to note, however, that a Spirit, at the beginning of its evolution, can and will incarnate in animals: (AG, chap. XI, “HYPOTHESIS ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE HUMAN BODY” )

HYPOTHESIS ON THE ORIGIN OF THE HUMAN BODY

15. From the similarity of external forms that exists between the body of man and that of an ape, some physiologists have concluded that the former is only a transformation of the latter. In this there is nothing impossible and, if that is so, there is no reason for man to feel his dignity affected. The bodies of apes may well have served as a garment for primitive human spirits, necessarily not very advanced, who came to incarnate on Earth, because they were the most appropriate to their needs and the most adequate to the exercise of their faculties than the bodies of any other person. another animal. Instead of a special garment that was made for the Spirit, he would have found a ready-made one. He then dressed himself in the skin of a monkey, without ceasing to be a human spirit, as man sometimes dresses himself in the skin of certain animals without ceasing to be a man. Let it be understood that here it is only a question of a hypothesis which is in no way stated as a principle, but which is only presented to show that the origin of the body does not harm the Spirit, which is the main being, and that the likeness of the body of the man with that of the ape does not imply parity between your Spirit and his.

16. Admitting this hypothesis, it can be said that, under the influence and by the effect of the intellectual activity of its new inhabitant, the envelope has been modified, embellishing itself in the details, conserving in the whole the general form of the set. The improved bodies, when procreating, reproduced under the same conditions, as happens with grafted trees, and gave birth to a new species that, little by little, distanced itself from the primitive type, as the Spirit progressed. The simian spirit, which was not annihilated, continued to procreate for its use the bodies of apes, just as the fruit of the wild tree reproduces trees of this species, and the human spirit procreated bodies of men that were variants of the first mold in which it was established. The trunk forked; produced a branch, and it became a trunk. As there are no sudden transitions in nature, it is likely that the first men who appeared on Earth differed little from the ape, in outward form and, no doubt, little also in intelligence. There are still, in our days, savages who, by the length of their arms and feet, and the conformation of the head, bear so much resemblance to apes that they only lack hair for the resemblance to be complete.

Allan Kardec. GENESIS – Miracles and Predictions According to Spiritism

This is quite different, however, from supposing that a human spirit, due to a punishment, can be condemned to incarnate in a monkey, which, for him, would be a retrogradation.

Some contradictors say: “you already shared this idea, so the spirits only communicated concepts that they already accepted”. A mistake, as we will see below:

“When the doctrine of reincarnation was taught to us by the Spirits, it was so far from our thinking that, on the background of the soul, we had built a completely different system, shared, in fact, by many people. In this aspect, therefore, the Doctrine of the Spirits deeply surprised us; we will say more: it antagonized us, because it overthrew our own ideas. As can be seen, it was far from reflecting them. But that's not all: we don't give in to the first shock; we fight, we defend our opinion, we raise objections and we only surrender to the evidence when we realize the insufficiency of our system to resolve all the difficulties raised by this question..”

"In the eyes of some people, the word evidence will doubtless seem singular in such a matter; it will not, however, be inappropriate for those who are used to scrutinizing spiritist phenomena. For the attentive observer, there are facts which, although not of an absolutely material nature, nevertheless constitute true evidence, at least from a moral point of view..”

Today, we have not only the moral evidence, but the factual evidence of reincarnation, which, however, has not yet been (and will never be) proven in the laboratory.

“We have yet another refutation to oppose: it is that not only was it taught to us; it was also taught in many other places, in France and abroad: in Germany, Holland, Russia, etc., and this even before the publication of The Spirits' Book.

We also add that, since we dedicated ourselves to the study of Spiritism, we have obtained communications through more than fifty writing, speaking, psychic mediums, etc., more or less enlightened, with more or less limited normal intelligence, some even completely illiterate. and, consequently, absolutely strangers to philosophical matters; nohowever, in no case did the spirits contradict themselves on this issue..”

Observation: Most communications, as far as we know, were from mechanical psychic mediums, often put into somnambulistic sleep (called crisis, in season). But Kardec never stopped looking for value in other forms of communication and in manifestations in general, always seeking to highlight those that could arouse interest and demonstrate the reality of spiritual intervention. For his eyes as a researcher, even a mediumistic painting, as we will see later, could represent a phenomenon of interest.

Not only is this doctrine supported by evidence, but chiefly by reason. Without her does not exist autonomy, because the Spirit would not be given the opportunity to advance, through learning from successes and mistakes. This is what happens with the Doctrine taught by the Catholic Church and other religions, to the point that we are amazed today that there are still people who think like this.

The Doctrine of Reincarnation, as explained by Spiritism, is the only doctrine that fits all the pieces of the puzzle, explaining the differences between beings and divine goodness.

“We have reasoned, abstracting ourselves, as we said, from any spiritist teaching that, for certain creatures, lacks authority. It is not just because it came from the Spirits that we and so many others became fans of the plurality of existences.. It is because this part of the doctrine seemed to us to be the most logical and because it alone resolves issues that were hitherto insoluble..”

Let's see:

“If there is no reincarnation, there is, of course, only a corporeal existence. If our present corporeal existence is the only one, the soul of every man was created at his birth, unless the soul's antecedence is admitted, in which case it would be fitting to ask what it was before birth and whether the state in which it was born. that it was thought did not constitute an existence in any form. There is no middle ground: either the soul existed or it did not exist before the body. If so, what is your status? Was she or was she not aware of herself? If it didn't, it's almost as if it didn't exist. If it had individuality, was it progressive or stationary? In either case, to what degree had he taken the body? Assuming, according to popular belief, that the soul is born with the body, or, what comes to the same thing, that, before incarnating, it has only negative faculties, we ask: "

Kardec, RE November 1858

1. Why does the soul show such diverse aptitudes and independent of the ideas that education made it acquire? 

2. Whence comes the extranormal aptitude that many children show at an early age, for this or that art, for this or that science, while others remain inferior or mediocre throughout their lives? 

3. Whence, in some, the innate or intuitive ideas, which in others do not exist?

4. Whence, in certain children, the precocious instinct that they reveal towards vices or virtues, the innate feelings of dignity or baseness, contrasting with the environment in which they were born? 

5. Why, apart from education, are some men more advanced than others? 

6. Why are there savages and civilized men? If you take a newborn Hottentot boy and bring him up in our best high schools, will you ever make him a Laplace or a Newton?

Comment: This issue of the African savage is in line with the various, quite severe, criticisms of “racism” in Kardec. As, further down, Kardec repeats that “Regarding the sixth question, it will be said, without a doubt, that the Hottentot is from an inferior race”, we believe that we should take a moment to allude to Kardec's scientific context, which it was, by definition, racist, that is, classified the human being by races. See our article Click here

“Which philosophy or theosophy is capable of solving these problems? It is beyond doubt that either souls are equal at birth, or they are unequal. If equal, why, among them, such a great diversity of aptitude? It will be said that it depends on the organism. But then we find ourselves in the presence of the most monstrous and immoral of doctrines. Man would be a mere machine, a plaything of matter; he would no longer be responsible for his actions, as he could attribute everything to his physical imperfections. If souls are unequal, it is because God created them that way. In that case, however, why the innate superiority bestowed on some? Does this partiality correspond to the justice of God and to the love which he equally consecrates to all his creatures?”

Kardec, RE 1858

So far we have analyzed the soul by its past and its present. And what would be your future according to Kardec?

1. - If it is only our present existence that must decide our future, what will be the respective position of the savage and the civilized man in the future life? Will they be on the same level or apart in the sum of eternal bliss?

2. Will the man who has worked to improve himself all his life be on the same level as the man who remained inferior, not because of his fault, but because he had neither the time nor the possibilities to improve himself?

3. ─ Is the man who does evil because he has not been able to clarify himself subject to circumstances that did not depend on him?

Note item 2: We perceive here the contextual and philosophical knowledge of the Rational Spiritualists was present in these questions.

4. ─ We work to enlighten men, moralize them, civilize them; but for every one who becomes enlightened, there are millions who die daily, before the light reaches them. What is their fate? Are they treated as reprobates? If not, what did they do to be kept in the same class as others?

5. ─ What is the fate of children who die at an early age, before they can do good or evil? If they are among the elect, why this favor, when they have done nothing to deserve it? By what privilege were they released from the tribulations of life?

Kardec concludes the article:

“Is there a doctrine that can resolve these issues? Assume successive existences and everything will be explained according to the justice of God. What cannot be done in one life, will be done in another.. In this way, no one will escape the law of progress and everyone will be rewarded according to real merit and no one will be excluded from the supreme happiness to which he can aspire, whatever the obstacles encountered in his way.”

“These questions would easily multiply to infinity, because there are countless psychological and moral problems that only find a solution in the plurality of existences. We limit ourselves to formulating those of a more general order.”

Idem

Comments: Is there any urgency to make any progress? Many speakers have used an alarmist tone, saying that we have to change ourselves “for yesterday”, do the intimate reform, because “the planet” will enter a new phase, that of regeneration. If we suffer from an imperfection, the urgency is in our own time; if we are only in the process of learning, this will only take place in the time of each one, according to their will.

Our suggestions for a documentary and book about Reincarnation – Plurality of Existences:

Perhaps this is one of the most interesting reported communications of the year 1858, because it is the Spirit of a soldier killed in war, a Spirit with an appearance of tranquility and even kindness.

It happened like this: “Having gathered in our house some people with the purpose of verifying certain manifestations, in several sessions the following facts were produced: a Spirit manifested by blows, not beaten by the table foot, but in the very texture of the table. table." Then Kardec goes on to say that in addition to the answers to several yes and no questions, the blows played marches, imitated rifle fire, something completely unusual.

As they listened, they observed that the Spirit had a certain predilection for the drum roll.

In addition to a special medium of physical influence, a psychograph was present. Because of that, they got the conversation very explicit, like name, place of birth, date of death, etc. Spontaneous communication started like this:

1 – Write anything, whatever you want. – Ran plan plan, ran, plan, plan.

2 – Why did you write this? – I was a drummer.

He said he died in a battle, and he still takes on that drum beater characteristic, that's why he did those marching effects.

16- Are you reincarnated? - No, because I come to talk to you.

17- Why do you manifest yourself by blows, without you being called? – It is necessary to make noise for those whose hearts believe nothing. If you don't have enough, I will give you even more.

Observation: He demonstrates a certain moral superiority.

18 – Is it your own will that you came to knock, or did another spirit force you to do so? — I come of my own accord; there is another, whom you call Truth, who can force me to do this too. But I've wanted to come for a long time.

19 – For what purpose did you want to come? – To converse with you; it was what I wanted; But there was something that stopped me. I was forced by a familiar spirit in the house, who urged me to make myself useful to people who asked me questions.

19.1 – Does this Spirit, then, have a lot of power, since it commands other Spirits? — More than you can imagine, and he uses it only for good.

Note: Spirits are always assisted.

22- Which existence do you prefer: the current one or the terrestrial one? – I prefer the existence of the Spirit to that of the body. Because we are much better off than on Earth. Earth is a purgatory; all the time I lived there, I always wanted death.

25 – Would you be satisfied if you had a new bodily existence? – Yes, because I know that I must elevate myself.

26 – Who told you that? – I know it well.

27 – Will you reincarnate soon? - I don't know.

From question 28 onwards, for the first time in RE, those present ask the manifesting Spirit about other Spirits in Erraticity:

28. ─ Do you see other spirits around you? ─ Yes, many.

29. ─ How do you know they are spirits? ─ Among us, we see ourselves as we are.

30. ─ How do you see them? ─ As spirits can be seen, but not through the eyes.

31. ─ And you, in what form are you here? ─ Under what I had when I was alive, that is, as a drum.

32. ─ And do you see the other spirits with the forms they had in life? ─ No. We don't take on an appearance until we are evoked. Other than that, we are formless.

RE July 1858

See how interesting: He sees the other Spirits around him without any form! He is not an advanced Spirit, but outside of the moment they are evoked, in erraticity, Spirits DO NOT have a form.

Spirits have no eyes, no ears, no touch... because they have no need in the spiritual plane for this type of manifestation. “Our form is only apparent,” says the drum.

The communication follows with questions about the manifestation of the knocking on the table, in which he says that he is beside her, that he does not get inside her.

37-How do you produce the noises you make heard? – I believe it is through a kind of concentration of our strength.

38 – Could you explain to us the way in which the different noises that you imitate are produced, the scratches, for example? - I wouldn't know much about the nature of the
noises; it's hard to explain. I know I scratch, but I can't explain how I make that noise you call scratching.

Then he was asked what he depended on to lift a table, to which he replied: – It depends on me, because I use the medium as an instrument. And besides, it has to be with specific mediums, which I am attracted to.

48 – What do you occupy yourself with in your existence as a Spirit, considering that you shouldn't spend all your time just knocking? – I often have missions to fulfill; we must
obey superior orders and, above all, do good to human beings.
humans who are under our influence.

49 – Certainly your earthly life was not free of faults; do you recognize them now? - Yes; and for that reason I expiate them, remaining stationary among the inferior spirits; I will only be able to purify myself enough when I take another body.

OBSERVATION: Here recognition of their faults and repentance is evident.

55 – Are you always on Earth, in your spiritual existence? – Most often in space.

56 – Do you sometimes go to other worlds, that is, to other globes? – Not to the more perfect ones, but to the inferior worlds.

57 – Do you sometimes enjoy seeing and hearing what men do? - No; however, I sometimes pity them.

65 – Were you immediately aware of your new existence? – No, but I no longer felt cold.

RE July 1858

NOTE: He was no longer aware of his body.

KARDEC'S COMMENT ON THE COMMUNICATION: – Little advanced in the spiritist hierarchy, as can be seen, the Spirit of the Drum himself recognized his inferiority. Your knowledge is limited; but he has good sense, praiseworthy feelings, and benevolence. As a Spirit, his mission lacked meaning, as he played the role of a Spirit beater to call unbelievers to faith; yet, even in the theater, cannot the humble attire of a partner involve an honest heart? His answers have the simplicity of ignorance; however, due to the fact that they do not have the elevation of the philosophical language of the superior spirits, they are nevertheless less instructive, especially for the study of spiritist customs, if we can express it that way. It is only by studying all the classes of this world that awaits us that we can get to know it and mark out in it, in some way, in advance, the place that each one of us will be given to occupy. Seeing the situation that, by their vices and virtues, created men, our equals here on Earth, we feel encouraged to elevate ourselves as quickly as possible from this life: it is the example next to the theory. In order to know something well, and to form an idea of it free from illusions, it is necessary to dissect it in all its aspects, just as the botanist cannot know the plant kingdom except by observing it from the humblest cryptogam, which the moss hides. , even the towering oak, which soars in the air.

In this article, Kardec presents the following case: having the medium Mr. D. presented a very interesting phenomenon - that of writing with a much better handwriting when inspired by the Spirits - one of the members of the Society, Dr. V., had the idea of evoking the Spirit of a calligrapher, Bertrand, for observation purposes.

According to The Mediums' Book,

270. When you want to communicate with determined Spirit, it is absolutely necessary to evoke it. (Item 203.) If he can come, the answer is usually: Yea, or I'm here, or yet: What do you want from me? Sometimes he enters directly into the matter, answering in advance the questions that were asked of him.

271. It is often surprising how quickly an evoked Spirit presents itself, even the first time. One would say he was forewarned. This is, in fact, what happens when the one who evokes it is preoccupied with its evocation. This preoccupation is a kind of anticipated evocation and, as we always have our familiar spirits with us, who identify with our thought, they prepare the way in such a way that, if no obstacle arises, the Spirit we wish to call is already present. when evoked.

But is there danger in Summoning Spirits?

278. An important question arises here, that of knowing whether or not there is any inconvenience in evoking bad spirits..

Kardec, OLM

“That depends on the end you have in mind and the influence you can exert on them. The inconvenience is null when they are called for a serious purpose, which is to instruct and improve them; it is, on the contrary, very great, when called out of mere curiosity or for fun, or even when the caller puts himself at their dependence, asking them for some service.. The good spirits, in this case, can very well give them the power to do what is asked of them, which does not exclude the daredevil who dared to ask for help and suppose them more powerful than God from being severely punished later on. . It will be in vain if he promises himself, whoever does so, to make good use of the help requested from then on, and to dismiss the servant once the service has been rendered. This same service that was requested, however minimal, constitutes a true pact signed with the bad Spirit and he does not easily let go of his prey..” (See item 212.).

279. No one exercises ascendancy over inferior spirits, except for moral superiority. Perverse spirits feel that good men dominate them. Against those who are only opposed by will energy, a kind of brute force, they fight and are often the strongest. To someone who was trying to tame a rebellious Spirit, only by the action of his will, he replied to that one: Leave me in peace, with your air of slaughterhouses, which are not worth more than I am; one would say a thief preaching morals to another thief.

282. 11th. Is there any inconvenience in evoking inferior spirits? And is it to be feared that, by calling them, the summoner will come under their dominion? “They only dominate those who allow themselves to be dominated. He who is assisted by good spirits has nothing to fear. It is imposed on the inferior spirits and not the latter on him. Isolated, mediums, especially beginning ones, must refrain from such evocations.. (item 278.)

Continuing with the article, where the medium brings communication:

3. ─ Do you know the main objective that led us to ask for your coming? ─ No, but I want to know.

NOTE: The Spirit of Mr. Bertrand is still under the influence of matter, as might be supposed, given his earthly life. It is known that such spirits are less apt to read minds than those already more dematerialized.

From then on, the Spirit continues to give some more details about his life. In general terms, he showed regret for having misused, or at least not as well as he could, his time incarnate: 

9. ─ What was your lifestyle? ─ I sought to satisfy the needs of the body.

10. ─ Did you take care of things from Beyond the Grave? ─ Almost nothing.

11. ─ Do you regret not belonging to this world anymore? ─ I regret not having put my existence to good use.

12. ─ Are you happier than on Earth? ─ No. I suffer for the good I failed to do.

13. ─ What do you think of the future that is in store for you? ─ I think that all the mercy of God is necessary for me.

14. ─ What are your relationships in the world in which you find yourself? ─ Regretful and unhappy relationships.

15. ─ When you come to Earth, are there places you go, rather than others? ─ I am looking for souls who grieve for my sufferings or who pray for me.

17. ─ It is said that in life he was very tolerant. It is true? ─ I was very violent.

18. ─ What do you think about the purpose of our meetings? ─ I would very much like to have known them in life. They would have made me better.

19. ─ Do you see other spirits there? ─ Yes, but I feel very confused in your presence.

20 – We beg God to have him in his holy mercy. The feelings you have just expressed should allow you to find favor with him. We do not doubt that they will help you in your progress.

NOTE: The teachings provided by the Spirit of Mr. Bertrand are absolutely exact and agree with the way of life and the character they knew him. Only by confessing its inferiority and its mistakes, language is more serious and higher than could be expected. Once again we have proof of the painful situation of those on Earth who are very attached to matter. This is how the inferior spirits themselves sometimes give us, by example, valuable moral lessons..

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3uF6VAEmXPI

In this article, Kardec leads us to think about the evil that exists in fear and how it can affect us. 

The case: a man had left a very expensive bottle of liquor in a carriage and, fearing that he would be drunk, went to the parking lot manager, to whom he said the bottle contained poison. When he had just returned to his apartment, he was hurriedly sought out: three coachmen were suffering from terrible stomach pains. With effort, he convinced them of his rudeness.

Can the case be explained simply by the power of suggestion? Kardec says, initially, that it could not be an action of magnetism, as it was not the case, and then questions São Luís:

─ Your reasoning is very fair in relation to imagination. But the malevolent spirits who induced those men to commit an impolite act, cause a shiver of fear to pass through their blood, through matter, that you could well call magnetic shiver, which stretches the nerves and produces a cold in certain regions of the body. You well know that any cold in the abdominal region can produce colic. It is, therefore, a means of punishment that amuses the spirits who provoked carrying out the theft and at the same time making them laugh at the expense of those to whom they sin [language neologism, to make himself understood, since S. Luís himself speaks of autonomy, between the lines].

Sao Luis, RE 1858

Comment: when talking about induction it cannot, in any way, replace the responsibility that the incarnate has to accept these suggestions.

Comment: Magnetic Shiver: since magnetism is an action of the will on the perispirit, which reflects on matter, we understand this term well.

Observation: THE punishment it is in the following sense: God “places” us to live among Spirits as imperfect as we are, or more. This contact is an ordeal of our imperfections, learning from it as they learn from us.

“They do so whenever an opportunity is offered to them, which they even seek, for their satisfaction. We can avoid this, I assure you, by raising ourselves to God by thoughts less material than those that occupied the minds of those men. Evil spirits like to have fun. Watch out for them! He who thinks he is saying a pleasant phrase to the people around him and who amuses a society with jokes and acts, is sometimes wrong, and even often, when he thinks that all this comes from himself.. The frivolous spirits that surround him identify with him in such a way that little by little they deceive him about his thoughts, also deceiving those who listen to him. In that case, you think you are dealing with a man of spirit, who, however, is only an ignorant. Think carefully, and you will understand what I say to you. Superior spirits are not, however, enemies of joy. Sometimes they like to laugh to make themselves nice to you. But everything has its opportune moment.”

Idem

KARDEC NOTE: “Saying that in the reported case there was no emission of magnetic fluid, perhaps we were not being very accurate. Here we venture a guess. As we said, it is known that transformations of the properties of matter can be operated under the action of the fmagnetic liquid driven by thought. Now, it is not possible to admit that, by the thought of the doctor who wanted to make believe in the existence of a toxic and give thieves the anguish of poisoning, there had been a kind of magnetization of the liquid at a distance, which would have acquired new properties, whose action would have been corroborated by the moral state of individuals whom fear had made impressionable? This theory would not destroy St. Louis's on the intervention of frivolous spirits in similar circumstances. We know that spirits act physically by physical means; they can therefore, in order to carry out certain designs, make use of those which they themselves provoke and which we inadvertently provide them with..”

Comment: Kardec is speaking in the following sense: through suggestion, Spirits can obtain physical results, through those who perform them. It is clear that, in order to act directly on matter, the existence of a medium with such capacities is necessary.

Doubts: Here, we raise a question: if we can saturate an object with our perispiritual fluid, by the action of our will, why can't a Spirit do it? Because the Spirit cannot act on matter directly, nor with his perispirit. He needs matter or an intermediary medium of physical effects.

Doubts: Could we explain the phenomenon, also, only by autosuggestion, not as an effect of the imagination, but as a patent effect of the individual himself on his perispirit? Yes we can, like the placebo effect.